Let us briefly consider the theoretical foundations of genealogy.

Laws of genealogy:

• The law of three generations.
• The law of doubling the number of ancestors.
• The law of the decline of ancestors.

One of them refers to the table of descending kinship:

Working with the table of ascending kinship, you can notice that

If we combine two rules: “Doubling the number of ancestors,” and “The activity of three generations decreases for a hundred years,” we can imagine the following.

In genealogy, two directions of research are accepted:

• ascending,
• descending.

In ascending pedigree, the object of research is the person about whose ancestors information is being collected.

When compiling a descending pedigree, one begins with the most distant known ancestor and gradually moves to his descendants.

Both ascending and descending genealogies are male and mixed.

Male descending genealogy is a genealogy that indicates all the descendants of a given ancestor, but descended only from men; in relation to the female representatives of the clan, it is limited to indicating the names of their spouses.

Mixed descending is a pedigree that indicates all the descendants of a given ancestor, both descended from men and women.

A male ascendant genealogy, when depicted, will look like a line, since in each generation there will be one ancestor of a given person.

A mixed ascending pedigree is a pedigree that lists all of a person's ancestors in both the male and female lines.

The results of the study can be presented in the form:

• Family tree
• Pedigree tables
• Pedigree painting

Family tree (family tree).
A pedigree can be presented in the form of a tree, where the trunk, for example, will indicate the person whose pedigree is made up, the branch will indicate the parents of this person, smaller branches will indicate the grandparents, etc.
One of the modifications of the “world tree” or “tree of life” is inherent in the cosmological concepts of the ancient world and the Middle Ages.
This image combines the past, present and future, embodied in ancestors, living people and descendants, united by the idea of ​​continuing life.
According to the custom adopted in Western Europe, all men with offspring are written on a yellow background, and those without children - on a red background.
A family tree looks beautiful and visual, but it cannot provide detailed information about the individuals mentioned in it.

Pedigree tables.
In the period of the 15th-16th centuries, tables became a form of summarizing information on genealogy.
In scientific works, tables of descending kinship along the male line are most often used, containing offspring of both sexes descended from men; addressing women was limited to the names of their spouses.
In practice, tables of ascending and descending kinship along direct female lines are rarely used.
The tables are varied in appearance.
Modern conditions dictate their own characteristics.
If the pedigree table can be supplemented with a pedigree painting, in cases of a large amount of information, then it is possible to combine the visualization with textual information, with photographs and images of ancient tomes and letters.
Information about representatives of the clan should be short, concise and contain the necessary minimum: first name, patronymic, last name, years of life, rank, title, profession, place of birth, some historical details, awards, and so on at the discretion of the compiler.

Pedigree paintings.
The most common type of genealogy, which allows you to inform the user with almost any amount of information.
Numbering in a descending pedigree is complicated by the uneven number of children in each generation; mathematical patterns are not observed in comparison with an ascending pedigree.
Children are assigned numbers 2/1,3/1,4/1.
To highlight the clans of wives, after the description of a specific person (great-grandmother, grandmother), you can place information about the clan.
The next paragraph begins with a paragraph, on a new line.
There are many numbering systems: Sosa - Stradonitsa, Abovilya and others.

Pedigree is the result of the work.